Embedded emissionsOne way of attributing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is to measure the embedded emissions of goods that are being consumed (also referred to as "embodied emissions", "embodied carbon emissions", or "embodied carbon"). This is different from the question of to what extent the policies of one country to reduce emissions affect emissions in other countries (the "spillover effect" and "carbon leakage" of an emissions reduction policy). The UNFCCC measures emissions according to production, rather than consumption.
Economic analysis of climate changeThe economic analysis of climate change explains how economic thinking, tools and techniques are applied to calculate the magnitude and distribution of damage caused by climate change. It also informs the policies and approaches for mitigation and adaptation to climate change from global to household scales. This topic is also inclusive of alternative economic approaches, including ecological economics and degrowth. Economic analysis of climate change is considered challenging as it is a long-term problem and has substantial distributional issues within and across countries.
Industrial symbiosisIndustrial symbiosis a subset of industrial ecology. It describes how a network of diverse organizations can foster eco-innovation and long-term culture change, create and share mutually profitable transactions—and improve business and technical processes. Although geographic proximity is often associated with industrial symbiosis, it is neither necessary nor sufficient—nor is a singular focus on physical resource exchange. Strategic planning is required to optimize the synergies of co-location.
StockStock (also capital stock, or sometimes interchangeably, shares) consist of all the shares by which ownership of a corporation or company is divided. A single share of the stock means fractional ownership of the corporation in proportion to the total number of shares. This typically entitles the shareholder (stockholder) to that fraction of the company's earnings, proceeds from liquidation of assets (after discharge of all senior claims such as secured and unsecured debt), or voting power, often dividing these up in proportion to the amount of money each stockholder has invested.
Analyse du cycle de vieL'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) est une méthode d'évaluation normalisée (ISO 14040 et 14044) permettant de réaliser un bilan environnemental multicritère et multi-étape d'un système (produit, service, entreprise ou procédé) sur l'ensemble de son cycle de vie. Son but est de connaître et pouvoir comparer les impacts environnementaux d'un système tout au long de son cycle de vie, de l'extraction des matières premières nécessaires à sa fabrication à son traitement en fin de vie (mise en décharge, recyclage...
Bourse des valeursLa bourse des valeurs est le lieu où s'échangent les valeurs mobilières, c'est-à-dire des titres financiers négociables, interchangeables et fongibles : actions, obligations, titres de créances négociables, parts d'OPCVM (sicav et FCP), bons de souscription, certificats d'investissement, warrants, options et stocks options. Les devises s'échangent sur le marché des changes et les matières premières dans les bourses de commerce. Ces dernières ont souvent été le premier lieu d'accueil de ces trois types de marché.
Green growthGreen growth is a concept in economic theory and policymaking used to describe paths of economic growth that are environmentally sustainable. It is based on the understanding that as long as economic growth remains a predominant goal, a decoupling of economic growth from resource use and adverse environmental impacts is required. As such, green growth is closely related to the concepts of green economy and low-carbon or sustainable development. A main driver for green growth is the transition towards sustainable energy systems.
Systems ecologySystems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology, a subset of Earth system science, that takes a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems, especially ecosystems. Systems ecology can be seen as an application of general systems theory to ecology. Central to the systems ecology approach is the idea that an ecosystem is a complex system exhibiting emergent properties. Systems ecology focuses on interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems, and is especially concerned with the way the functioning of ecosystems can be influenced by human interventions.
Matériauvignette|Grandes classes de matériaux. Les matériaux minéraux sont des roches, des céramiques ou des verres. Les matériaux métalliques sont des métaux ou des alliages. Un matériau est toute matière utilisée pour réaliser un objet au sens large. Ce dernier est souvent une pièce d'un sous-ensemble. C'est donc une matière sélectionnée à l'origine en raison de propriétés particulières et mise en œuvre en vue d'un usage spécifique.
État stationnaire (économie)thumb|350px|Les ressources naturelles traversent l'économie et finissent comme des déchets et de la pollution. Une économie stationnaire ou état stationnaire est une économie dont le stock de capital physique et la taille de la population sont constants et qui ne croît pas avec le temps. Normalement, ce terme fait référence à l'économie nationale d'un pays donné, mais il peut également s'appliquer au système économique d'une ville, d'une région ou du monde entier.
