Compilateur source à sourceUn compilateur source à source, transpileur ou transcompilateur est un type de compilateur qui prend le code source d'un langage de programmation et le compile dans un autre langage de programmation. Un compilateur source-à-source opère sur deux langages avec approximativement le même niveau d'abstraction, alors qu'un compilateur traditionnel compile un langage de haut niveau vers un langage de bas niveau. Un des premiers compilateurs de ce type était le XLT86 de Digital Research en 1981, un programme écrit par Gary Kildall qui compilait du code .
Abstraction principle (computer programming)In software engineering and programming language theory, the abstraction principle (or the principle of abstraction) is a basic dictum that aims to reduce duplication of information in a program (usually with emphasis on code duplication) whenever practical by making use of abstractions provided by the programming language or software libraries . The principle is sometimes stated as a recommendation to the programmer, but sometimes stated as a requirement of the programming language, assuming it is self-understood why abstractions are desirable to use.
Design patternA design pattern is the re-usable form of a solution to a design problem. The idea was introduced by the architect Christopher Alexander and has been adapted for various other disciplines, particularly software engineering. An organized collection of design patterns that relate to a particular field is called a pattern language. This language gives a common terminology for discussing the situations designers are faced with. The elements of this language are entities called patterns.
Modula-3Modula-3 is a programming language conceived as a successor to an upgraded version of Modula-2 known as Modula-2+. While it has been influential in research circles (influencing the designs of languages such as Java, C#, Python and Nim) it has not been adopted widely in industry. It was designed by Luca Cardelli, James Donahue, Lucille Glassman, Mick Jordan (before at the Olivetti Software Technology Laboratory), Bill Kalsow and Greg Nelson at the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) Systems Research Center (SRC) and the Olivetti Research Center (ORC) in the late 1980s.
Système logicielUn système logiciel est un ensemble de composants logiciels (programmes, documentations, fichiers de configuration). Un système logiciel est partie intégrante d'un système informatique, ce dernier étant composé de systèmes matériels et de systèmes logiciels. On doit distinguer le terme système logiciel des termes logiciel (incluant logiciel applicatif) et programme informatique.
Typed lambda calculusA typed lambda calculus is a typed formalism that uses the lambda-symbol () to denote anonymous function abstraction. In this context, types are usually objects of a syntactic nature that are assigned to lambda terms; the exact nature of a type depends on the calculus considered (see kinds below). From a certain point of view, typed lambda calculi can be seen as refinements of the untyped lambda calculus, but from another point of view, they can also be considered the more fundamental theory and untyped lambda calculus a special case with only one type.
CobolCobol est un langage de programmation créé en 1959. Son nom est l’acronyme de COmmon Business Oriented Language qui révèle sa vocation originelle : être un langage commun pour la programmation d'applications de gestion. Aujourd'hui, il est surtout utilisé dans les secteurs de la banque, des assurances, des grandes administrations. Le Cobol a initialement été créé en 1959 (officiellement le 18 septembre 1959) par le Short Range Committee, un des trois comités proposés à une rencontre au Pentagone en mai 1959 organisée par Charles Phillips du département de la défense des États-Unis.
Entity component systemEntity component system (ECS) is a software architectural pattern mostly used in video game development for the representation of game world objects. An ECS comprises entities composed from components of data, with systems which operate on entities' components. ECS follows the principle of composition over inheritance, meaning that every entity is defined not by a type hierarchy, but by the components that are associated with it. Systems act globally over all entities which have the required components.
Tool Command Language(abréviation : Tcl) est un langage de script initialement conçu en 1988 par John Ousterhout et son équipe à l'université de Californie à Berkeley. Il s'inspire principalement des langages C, Lisp, sh et awk. Ce langage à typage dynamique est multiplateforme, extensible, facile à apprendre et repose sur 12 règles syntaxiques. Tcl s'interface très aisément avec le langage C, ce qui lui permet de servir par exemple d'interprète embarqué dans des applications.
Hockett's design featuresHockett's Design Features are a set of features that characterize human language and set it apart from animal communication. They were defined by linguist Charles F. Hockett in the 1960s. He called these characteristics the design features of language. Hockett originally believed there to be 13 design features. While primate communication utilizes the first 9 features, the final 4 features (displacement, productivity, cultural transmission, and duality) are reserved for humans.
