Key-agreement protocolIn cryptography, a key-agreement protocol is a protocol whereby two or more parties can agree on a cryptographic key in such a way that both influence the outcome. If properly done, this precludes undesired third parties from forcing a key choice on the agreeing parties. Protocols that are useful in practice also do not reveal to any eavesdropping party what key has been agreed upon. Many key exchange systems have one party generate the key, and simply send that key to the other party—the other party has no influence on the key.
Nonlinear systemIn mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. Nonlinear dynamical systems, describing changes in variables over time, may appear chaotic, unpredictable, or counterintuitive, contrasting with much simpler linear systems.
Hangenberg eventThe Hangenberg event, also known as the Hangenberg crisis or end-Devonian extinction, is a mass extinction that occurred at the end of the Famennian stage, the last stage in the Devonian Period (roughly 358.9 ± 0.4 million years ago). It is usually considered the second-largest extinction in the Devonian Period, having occurred approximately 13 million years after the Late Devonian mass extinction (Kellwasser event) at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary.
Corrélation illusoireLa corrélation illusoire, ou corrélation trompeuse, est un biais cognitif qui consiste à percevoir une corrélation entre deux évènements, corrélation qui n'existe pas ou qui est bien plus faible en réalité. Ce phénomène de psychologie sociale a été mis en évidence en 1967 par deux psychologues américains, Chapman et Chapman. En 1967, les psychologues L.J. Chapman et J.P. Chapman présentent à des étudiants en psychologie et à des psychologues cliniciens des diagnostics fictifs de patients présentant divers troubles (paranoïa, impuissance sexuelle.
