Gaz naturelLe gaz naturel, ou gaz fossile, est un mélange gazeux d'hydrocarbures constitué principalement de méthane, mais comprenant généralement une certaine quantité d'autres alcanes supérieurs, et parfois un faible pourcentage de dioxyde de carbone, d'azote, de sulfure d'hydrogène ou d'hélium. Naturellement présent dans certaines roches poreuses, il est extrait par forage et est utilisé comme combustible fossile ou par la carbochimie. Le méthane est généralement valorisé par le gaz de synthèse en méthanol.
Gaz naturel liquéfiévignette|Un méthanier dans le terminal de Marmara.|alt=navire de grande taille, aux superstructures anguleuses, attaché à un quai Le gaz naturel liquéfié (abrégé en GNL, ou LNG de l'anglais liquefied natural gas) est du gaz naturel de qualité commerciale condensé à l’état liquide. Il se compose essentiellement de méthane mais comprend aussi jusqu'à 10 % d'éthane et de petites quantités d'autres gaz (propane et butane notamment).
Exhaust gasExhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propelling nozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an exhaust plume. It is a major component of motor vehicle emissions (and from stationary internal combustion engines), which can also include crankcase blow-by and evaporation of unused gasoline.
Bharat stage emission standardsBharat stage emission standards (BSES) are emission standards instituted by the Government of India to regulate the output of air pollutants from compression ignition engines and Spark-ignition engines equipment, including motor vehicles. The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The standards, based on European regulations were first introduced in 2000. Progressively stringent norms have been rolled out since then.
Pot d'échappementthumb|Sortie de pot d'échappement. Le pot d'échappement, ou silencieux au Canada, est un des organes d'un véhicule propulsé par un moteur à combustion interne, qui sert à évacuer les gaz de combustion de celui-ci vers l'extérieur. Il est constitué d'un ensemble d'éléments collectant les gaz d'échappement en sortie des cylindres et les évacuant après les avoir canalisés, stabilisé la pression de sortie des cylindres, atténué le bruit de l'échappement.
Natural gas pricesNatural gas prices, as with other commodity prices, are mainly driven by supply and demand fundamentals. However, natural gas prices may also be linked to the price of crude oil and petroleum products, especially in continental Europe. Natural gas prices in the US had historically followed oil prices, but in the recent years, it has decoupled from oil and is now trending somewhat with coal prices. The price as at 20th January 2022, on the U.S. Henry Hub index, is US. The highest peak (weekly price) was US in January 2005.
Natural-gas processingNatural-gas processing is a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing contaminants such as solids, water, carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), mercury and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons (condensate) to produce pipeline quality dry natural gas for pipeline distribution and final use. Some of the substances which contaminate natural gas have economic value and are further processed or sold. Hydrocarbons that are liquid at ambient conditions: temperature and pressure (i.
