Architecture en couchesIn software engineering, multitier architecture (often referred to as n-tier architecture) is a client–server architecture in which presentation, application processing and data management functions are physically separated. The most widespread use of multitier architecture is the three-tier architecture. N-tier application architecture provides a model by which developers can create flexible and reusable applications. By segregating an application into tiers, developers acquire the option of modifying or adding a specific tier, instead of reworking the entire application.
K-moyennesLe partitionnement en k-moyennes (ou k-means en anglais) est une méthode de partitionnement de données et un problème d'optimisation combinatoire. Étant donnés des points et un entier k, le problème est de diviser les points en k groupes, souvent appelés clusters, de façon à minimiser une certaine fonction. On considère la distance d'un point à la moyenne des points de son cluster ; la fonction à minimiser est la somme des carrés de ces distances.
Administrateur de base de donnéesL'administrateur de base de données (DBA : DataBase Administrator en anglais) est une personne responsable du bon fonctionnement de serveurs de bases de données, essentiellement relationnelles (OLTP) ou décisionnelles (OLAP), tant au niveau de la conception des bases, des tests de validation, de la coordination des intervenants, de l'exploitation, de la protection et du contrôle d'utilisation. Les compétences requises pour cette fonction sont multipolaires : système, développement, sécurité et fonctionnement des serveurs de bases de données.
Base de données relationnellethumb|upright=1.2|Structure générale d'une base de données relationnelle. En informatique, une base de données relationnelle (en anglais: relational database management system (RDBMS)) est une base de données où l'information est organisée dans des tableaux à deux dimensions appelés des relations ou tables, selon le modèle introduit par Edgar F. Codd en 1960. Selon ce modèle relationnel, une base de données consiste en une ou plusieurs relations. Les lignes de ces relations sont appelées des nuplets ou enregistrements.
Open-source softwareOpen-source software (OSS) is computer software that is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software and its source code to anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software may be developed in a collaborative, public manner. Open-source software is a prominent example of open collaboration, meaning any capable user is able to participate online in development, making the number of possible contributors indefinite.
Open-source software developmentOpen-source software development (OSSD) is the process by which open-source software, or similar software whose source code is publicly available, is developed by an open-source software project. These are software products available with its source code under an open-source license to study, change, and improve its design. Examples of some popular open-source software products are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chromium, Android, LibreOffice and the VLC media player. In 1997, Eric S. Raymond wrote The Cathedral and the Bazaar.
Embedded databaseAn embedded database system is a database management system (DBMS) which is tightly integrated with an application software; it is embedded in the application. It is a broad technology category that includes: database systems with differing application programming interfaces (SQL as well as proprietary, native APIs) database architectures (client-server and in-process) storage modes (on-disk, in-memory, and combined) database models (relational, object-oriented, entity–attribute–value model, network/CODASYL) target markets The term embedded database can be confusing because only a small subset of embedded database products are used in real-time embedded systems such as telecommunications switches and consumer electronics.
Grappe de serveursOn parle de grappe de serveurs, de cluster, de groupement de serveurs ou de ferme de calcul (computer cluster en anglais) pour désigner des techniques consistant à regrouper plusieurs ordinateurs indépendants appelés nœuds (node en anglais), afin de permettre une gestion globale et de dépasser les limitations d'un ordinateur pour : augmenter la disponibilité ; faciliter la montée en charge ; permettre une répartition de la charge ; faciliter la gestion des ressources (processeur, mémoire vive, disques durs,
Cloud databaseA cloud database is a database that typically runs on a cloud computing platform and access to the database is provided as-a-service. There are two common deployment models: users can run databases on the cloud independently, using a virtual machine image, or they can purchase access to a database service, maintained by a cloud database provider. Of the databases available on the cloud, some are SQL-based and some use a NoSQL data model. Database services take care of scalability and high availability of the database.
Single-linkage clusteringIn statistics, single-linkage clustering is one of several methods of hierarchical clustering. It is based on grouping clusters in bottom-up fashion (agglomerative clustering), at each step combining two clusters that contain the closest pair of elements not yet belonging to the same cluster as each other. This method tends to produce long thin clusters in which nearby elements of the same cluster have small distances, but elements at opposite ends of a cluster may be much farther from each other than two elements of other clusters.
