Histone acetylation and deacetylationHistone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with "histone acetyltransferase" (HAT) or "histone deacetylase" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, acetyl coenzyme A) to another.
Signalisation cellulaireLa signalisation cellulaire est un système complexe de communication qui régit les processus fondamentaux des cellules et coordonne leur activité. La capacité des cellules à percevoir leur micro-environnement et à y répondre correctement est à la base de leur développement et de celui des organismes multicellulaires, de la cicatrisation et du système immunitaire, ainsi que de l'homéostasie tissulaire normale. Des dysfonctionnements dans le traitement de l'information cellulaire peuvent être responsables de maladies telles que le cancer, les maladies auto-immunes et le diabète.
Histone deacetylase inhibitorHistone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi, HDIs) are chemical compounds that inhibit histone deacetylases. HDIs have a long history of use in psychiatry and neurology as mood stabilizers and anti-epileptics. More recently they are being investigated as possible treatments for cancers, parasitic and inflammatory diseases. To carry out gene expression, a cell must control the coiling and uncoiling of DNA around histones.
