Protein dimerIn biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex or multimer formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound. Many macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, form dimers. The word dimer has roots meaning "two parts", di- + -mer. A protein dimer is a type of protein quaternary structure. A protein homodimer is formed by two identical proteins. A protein heterodimer is formed by two different proteins. Most protein dimers in biochemistry are not connected by covalent bonds.
Chemokine receptorChemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells that interact with a type of cytokine called a chemokine. There have been 20 distinct chemokine receptors discovered in humans. Each has a rhodopsin-like 7-transmembrane (7TM) structure and couples to G-protein for signal transduction within a cell, making them members of a large protein family of G protein-coupled receptors. Following interaction with their specific chemokine ligands, chemokine receptors trigger a flux in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) ions (calcium signaling).
Signalisation lipidiqueupright=1.6|vignette|Exemples de lipides de signalisation cellulaire : - LPA : acide lysophosphatidique, - S1P : sphingosine-1-phosphate, - PAF : facteur d'activation plaquettaire, - AEA : anandamide. La signalisation lipidique désigne l'ensemble des processus biochimiques de signalisation cellulaire impliquant des lipides qui se fixent sur une protéine cible, telle qu'un récepteur, une kinase ou une phosphatase, laquelle déclenche à son tour d'autres processus au sein de la cellule en fonction des messagers lipidiques.
Protéine G inhibitriceLes protéines G inhibitrice (ou Gi) sont une des familles principales des protéines G associées à un récepteur. Il s'agit entre autres du récepteur muscarinique à l'acétylcholine, situé au niveau des muscles cardiaques. Ces récepteurs sont constitués de 3 sous-unités respectivement appelées α, β, γ. Mais seule la première est capable de fixer une molécule de GDP (guanosine diphosphate) ou GTP (guanosine triphosphate).
GABA receptorThe GABA receptors are a class of receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the chief inhibitory compound in the mature vertebrate central nervous system. There are two classes of GABA receptors: GABAA and GABAB. GABAA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels (also known as ionotropic receptors); whereas GABAB receptors are G protein-coupled receptors, also called metabotropic receptors.
