Membrane hémi-perméableSemipermeable membrane is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis. The rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules or solutes on either side, as well as the permeability of the membrane to each solute. Depending on the membrane and the solute, permeability may depend on solute size, solubility, properties, or chemistry. How the membrane is constructed to be selective in its permeability will determine the rate and the permeability.
NeurotoxineUne neurotoxine est une toxine agissant sur le système nerveux, en bloquant ou modifiant l'activité de protéines membranaires présentes sur les cellules neuronales (neurones) telles que les canaux ioniques. Exemple de neurotoxines : la toxine botulique ; la tétrodotoxine, qui est une neurotoxine présente chez le poisson japonais fugu ; les conotoxines constituent une famille de peptides neurotoxiques extraits du venin des Conidae ; la dendrotoxine, neurotoxine présynaptique produite par le serpent mamba (Dendroaspis) ; la tétanospasmine, exotoxine produite par Clostridium tetani, la bactérie responsable du tétanos.
Neuromuscular-blocking drugNeuromuscular-blocking drugs, or Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), block transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. This is accomplished via their action on the post-synaptic acetylcholine (Nm) receptors. In clinical use, neuromuscular block is used adjunctively to anesthesia to produce paralysis, firstly to paralyze the vocal cords, and permit endotracheal intubation, and secondly to optimize the surgical field by inhibiting spontaneous ventilation, and causing relaxation of skeletal muscles.
