Models of neural computationModels of neural computation are attempts to elucidate, in an abstract and mathematical fashion, the core principles that underlie information processing in biological nervous systems, or functional components thereof. This article aims to provide an overview of the most definitive models of neuro-biological computation as well as the tools commonly used to construct and analyze them.
Negative-index metamaterialNegative-index metamaterial or negative-index material (NIM) is a metamaterial whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range. NIMs are constructed of periodic basic parts called unit cells, which are usually significantly smaller than the wavelength of the externally applied electromagnetic radiation. The unit cells of the first experimentally investigated NIMs were constructed from circuit board material, or in other words, wires and dielectrics.
Observational learningObservational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based on various processes. In humans, this form of learning seems to not need reinforcement to occur, but instead, requires a social model such as a parent, sibling, friend, or teacher with surroundings. Particularly in childhood, a model is someone of authority or higher status in an environment.
Experiential learningExperiential learning (ExL) is the process of learning through experience, and is more narrowly defined as "learning through reflection on doing". Hands-on learning can be a form of experiential learning, but does not necessarily involve students reflecting on their product. Experiential learning is distinct from rote or didactic learning, in which the learner plays a comparatively passive role. It is related to, but not synonymous with, other forms of active learning such as action learning, adventure learning, free-choice learning, cooperative learning, service-learning, and situated learning.
Champ récepteurLe champ récepteur d'un neurone sensoriel ou d'un neurone sensitif est le volume de l'espace qui modifie la réponse de ce neurone, quand un stimulus suffisamment puissant et rapide survient en son sein. De tels champs récepteurs ont été identifiés dans les systèmes visuel, auditif et somatosensoriel. Ainsi, le champ récepteur d'un neurone du système visuel est la portion du champ visuel qui, lorsqu'on présente un stimulus lumineux en son sein, modifie la réponse de ce neurone.
Learning spaceLearning space or learning setting refers to a physical setting for a learning environment, a place in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to "classroom," but it may also refer to an indoor or outdoor location, either actual or virtual. Learning spaces are highly diverse in use, configuration, location, and educational institution. They support a variety of pedagogies, including quiet study, passive or active learning, kinesthetic or physical learning, vocational learning, experiential learning, and others.
OrdinateurUn ordinateur est un système de traitement de l'information programmable tel que défini par Alan Turing et qui fonctionne par la lecture séquentielle d'un ensemble d'instructions, organisées en programmes, qui lui font exécuter des opérations logiques et arithmétiques. Sa structure physique actuelle fait que toutes les opérations reposent sur la logique binaire et sur des nombres formés à partir de chiffres binaires.
Disque optiquethumb|right|CD en vrac. Dans les domaines de l'informatique, de l'audio et de la vidéo, un disque optique, aussi appelé disque optique numérique ou DON, est un disque plat servant de support de stockage amovible. Un disque optique est habituellement constitué de polycarbonate. En informatique, les disques optiques sont utilisés comme mémoires de masse. La norme ISO 9660 définit le système de fichiers utilisé sur les CD-ROM et DVD-ROM. Les CD, les DVD et les Blu-ray sont les disques optiques les plus connus.
Electronic keyboardAn electronic keyboard, portable keyboard, or digital keyboard is an electronic musical instrument based on keyboard instruments. Electronic keyboards include synthesizers, digital pianos, stage pianos, electronic organs and digital audio workstations. In technical terms, an electronic keyboard is a synthesizer with a low-wattage power amplifier and small loudspeakers. Electronic keyboards are capable of recreating a wide range of instrument sounds (piano, Hammond organ, pipe organ, violin, etc.
Service-learningService-learning is an educational approach that combines learning objectives with community service in order to provide a pragmatic, progressive learning experience while meeting societal needs. Service-learning involves students (k-12, higher ed) in service projects to apply classroom learning for local agencies that exist to effect positive change in the community. The National Youth Leadership Council defines service learning as "a philosophy, pedagogy, and model for community development that is used as an instructional strategy to meet learning goals and/or content standards.
