Iterative reconstructionIterative reconstruction refers to iterative algorithms used to reconstruct 2D and 3D images in certain imaging techniques. For example, in computed tomography an image must be reconstructed from projections of an object. Here, iterative reconstruction techniques are usually a better, but computationally more expensive alternative to the common filtered back projection (FBP) method, which directly calculates the image in a single reconstruction step.
Genu recurvatumGenu recurvatum is a deformity in the knee joint, so that the knee bends backwards. In this deformity, excessive extension occurs in the tibiofemoral joint. Genu recurvatum is also called knee hyperextension and back knee. This deformity is more common in women and people with familial ligamentous laxity. Hyperextension of the knee may be mild, moderate or severe. The normal range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint is from 0 to 135 degrees in an adult. Full knee extension should be no more than 10 degrees.
ArthroplastieReplacement arthroplasty (from Greek arthron, joint, limb, articulate, + plassein, to form, mould, forge, feign, make an image of), or joint replacement surgery, is a procedure of orthopedic surgery in which an arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with an orthopedic prosthesis. Joint replacement is considered as a treatment when severe joint pain or dysfunction is not alleviated by less-invasive therapies. It is a form of arthroplasty, and is often indicated from various joint diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Anatomical terms of motionMotion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body. The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the body parts involved. Anatomists and others use a unified set of terms to describe most of the movements, although other, more specialized terms are necessary for describing unique movements such as those of the hands, feet, and eyes.
LigamentUn ligament est un mode d’union bande de tissu conjonctif fibreux très solide qui relie un os à un autre dans une articulation. Un ligament s'oppose à un tendon qui lui relie un os à un muscle qui participe à son mouvement. La bande de tissu du ligament est composée principalement de longues molécules de collagène. Certains ligaments limitent la mobilité des articulations ou empêchent certains gestes et ainsi protègent l'articulation lors de mouvements forcés (hyperflexion ou hypertension).
Human legThe human leg is the entire lower limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh or sometimes even the hip or buttock region. The major bones of the leg are the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and adjacent fibula. The thigh is between the hip and knee, while the calf (rear) and shin (front) are between the knee and foot. Legs are used for standing, many forms of human movement, recreation such as dancing, and constitute a significant portion of a person's mass.
ChondromalacieLa chondromalacie (du grec : khondros signifiant cartilage et malakos mou) est une pathologie de ramollissement touchant les articulations et plus particulièrement celles du genou (rotule et fémur). Le ramollissement du tissu cartilagineux est fréquemment accompagné de fissures provoquant douleurs et craquement de l'articulation à la flexion. Les causes les plus fréquentes de chondromalacie sont l'arthrose ou un traumatisme de l'articulation touchée souvent liée à la pratique intensive d'un sport la sollicitant.
Breast augmentationBreast augmentation and augmentation mammoplasty is a cosmetic surgery technique using breast-implants and fat-graft mammoplasty techniques to increase the size, change the shape, and alter the texture of the breasts. Augmentation mammoplasty is applied to correct congenital defects of the breasts and the chest wall. As an elective cosmetic surgery, primary augmentation changes the aesthetics - of size, shape, and texture - of healthy breasts.
Muscle ischio-jambierUn muscle ischio-jambier appartient à un groupe musculaire de la cuisse permettant l'extension de la hanche et la flexion du genou. Ce groupe rassemble des muscles polyarticulaires qui vont de la hanche jusqu’à l’arrière du tibia et de la fibula (péroné). Ces muscles correspondent aux muscles de la loge postérieure de la cuisse. Ce groupe se compose de trois muscles : muscle biceps fémoral (chef long) ; muscle semi-tendineux ; muscle semi-membraneux.
Muscle fléchisseur radial du carpeLe muscle fléchisseur radial du carpe (anciennement appelé muscle grand palmaire), est un muscle de l'avant-bras. Il est situé dans le plan superficiel de la loge antebrachiale antérieure. Dans la littérature scientifique il est abrégé FCR, pour le flexor carpi radialis. Le muscle fléchisseur radial du carpe se fixe sur l'épicondyle médial de l'humérus par l'intermédiaire du tendon commun des fléchisseurs en dessous du rond pronateur. Il se fixe également sur le fascia antébrachial et de ses cloisons de séparation avec les muscles voisins.
