Hypothèse de la dopamine dans la schizophrénieLhypothèse de la dopamine dans la schizophrénie (ou hypothèse dopaminergique de la schizophrénie) est une théorie selon laquelle la schizophrénie serait la conséquence d'un dérèglement des quantités de dopamine dans le système nerveux ; il s'agit d'un dysfonctionnement du système dopaminergique du cerveau. La dopamine est un neurotransmetteur, par lequel les neurones communiquent.
Capacité crâniennevignette|Comparaison, de gauche à droite, d'un cerveau de sanglier, de grand dauphin et d'humain. La capacité crânienne est une mesure du volume de l'intérieur de la boîte crânienne chez les vertébrés qui ont à la fois un crâne et un cerveau. L'unité de mesure la plus utilisée est le centimètre cube. Certains auteurs considèrent le volume du crâne comme un indicateur de la taille du cerveau, laquelle est à son tour utilisée pour indiquer approximativement l'intelligence potentielle de l'organisme.
Brain–body mass ratioBrain–body mass ratio, also known as the brain–body weight ratio, is the ratio of brain mass to body mass, which is hypothesized to be a rough estimate of the intelligence of an animal, although fairly inaccurate in many cases. A more complex measurement, encephalization quotient, takes into account allometric effects of widely divergent body sizes across several taxa. The raw brain-to-body mass ratio is however simpler to come by, and is still a useful tool for comparing encephalization within species or between fairly closely related species.
InducerIn molecular biology, an inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression. An inducer functions in two ways; namely: By disabling repressors. The gene is expressed because an inducer binds to the repressor. The binding of the inducer to the repressor prevents the repressor from binding to the operator. RNA polymerase can then begin to transcribe operon genes. By binding to activators. Activators generally bind poorly to activator DNA sequences unless an inducer is present.
SélégilineLa sélégiline est une molécule de la classe des amphétamines, plus précisément dérivée de la méthamphétamine. C'est un inhibiteur irréversible de la monoamine oxydase B (IMAO-B), permettant l'inhibition de la dégradation des catécholamines (adrénaline, noradrénaline et dopamine) et de la sérotonine. Elle agit chez l'humain comme un inhibiteur de la monoamine oxydase B (IMAO-B) et est utilisée pour traiter la maladie de Parkinson.
OctopamineOctopamine (molecular formula C8H11NO2; also known as OA, and also norsynephrine, para-octopamine and others) is an organic chemical closely related to norepinephrine, and synthesized biologically by a homologous pathway. Octopamine is often considered the major "fight-or-flight" neurohormone of invertebrates. Its name is derived from the fact that it was first identified in the salivary glands of the octopus. In many types of invertebrates octopamine is an important neurotransmitter and hormone.
FilopodiaFilopodia (: filopodium) are slender cytoplasmic projections that extend beyond the leading edge of lamellipodia in migrating cells. Within the lamellipodium, actin ribs are known as microspikes, and when they extend beyond the lamellipodia, they're known as filopodia. They contain microfilaments (also called actin filaments) cross-linked into bundles by actin-bundling proteins, such as fascin and fimbrin. Filopodia form focal adhesions with the substratum, linking them to the cell surface.
