Halftoningvignette|À gauche : points de demi-teintes. À droite : exemple de la façon dont l'œil humain verrait les points à une distance suffisante. La demi-teinte, similigravure, également connue sous l'anglicisme halftone, en reprographie, est une technique utilisée en imprimerie qui permet de rendre plusieurs niveaux de gris d'une couleur à partir d'une impression monochrome. Les imprimantes ne peuvent imprimer que des points d'encre ; elles les arrangent de telle sorte que l'œil humain ne discerne plus ces points mais les intègre pour donner une illusion de plusieurs niveaux de gris.
Inkjet printingInkjet printing is a type of computer printing that recreates a by propelling droplets of ink onto paper and plastic substrates. Inkjet printers were the most commonly used type of printer in 2008, and range from small inexpensive consumer models to expensive professional machines. By 2019, laser printers outsold inkjet printers by nearly a 2:1 ratio, 9.6% vs 5.1% of all computer peripherals.As of 2023, sublimation printers have outsold inkjet printers by nearly a 2:1 ratio, accounting for 9.
ImprimanteUne imprimante est un appareil, permettant d'obtenir un document sur papier à partir d'un modèle informatique du document. Par exemple, un texte écrit via un logiciel de traitement de texte sur ordinateur pourra être imprimé pour en obtenir une version papier (c'est un changement du support d'information). Les imprimantes ont été conçues dès l’apparition des premiers ordinateurs, pour permettre la consultation et la conservation sur support papier des résultats produits par les programmes informatiques.
Laser printingLaser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process. It produces high-quality text and graphics (and moderate-quality photographs) by repeatedly passing a laser beam back and forth over a negatively charged cylinder called a "drum" to define a differentially charged image. The drum then selectively collects electrically charged powdered ink (toner), and transfers the image to paper, which is then heated to permanently fuse the text, imagery, or both, to the paper.
Dye-sublimation printingDye-sublimation printing (or dye-sub printing) is a term that covers several distinct digital computer printing techniques that involve using heat to transfer dye onto a substrate. The sublimation name was first applied because the dye was thought to make the transition between the solid and gas states without going through a liquid stage. This understanding of the process was later shown to be incorrect, as there is some liquefication of the dye.
Moiré (physique)thumb|Móvil (Mobile, Eusebio Sempere, 1972) ; sculpture de plein air exploitant l'effet de moiré (Madrid). Le moiré est un effet de contraste changeant avec la déformation d'un objet, indépendamment des effets d'ombre. On parle souvent du moiré d'une étoffe (par exemple de la soie). On peut obtenir un effet similaire en superposant deux voiles à maille régulière, ou bien lorsque l'on observe deux grillages l'un derrière l'autre, ou encore deux rambardes de pont, à une certaine distance.
Tensor operatorIn pure and applied mathematics, quantum mechanics and computer graphics, a tensor operator generalizes the notion of operators which are scalars and vectors. A special class of these are spherical tensor operators which apply the notion of the spherical basis and spherical harmonics. The spherical basis closely relates to the description of angular momentum in quantum mechanics and spherical harmonic functions. The coordinate-free generalization of a tensor operator is known as a representation operator.
Dot matrix printingDot matrix printing, sometimes called impact matrix printing, is a computer printing process in which ink is applied to a surface using a relatively low-resolution dot matrix for layout. Dot matrix printers typically use a print head that moves back and forth or in an up-and-down motion on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper. Unlike typewriters or line printers that use a similar print mechanism, a dot matrix printer can print arbitrary patterns and not just specific characters.
Intermediate frequencyIn communications and electronic engineering, an intermediate frequency (IF) is a frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted as an intermediate step in transmission or reception. The intermediate frequency is created by mixing the carrier signal with a local oscillator signal in a process called heterodyning, resulting in a signal at the difference or beat frequency. Intermediate frequencies are used in superheterodyne radio receivers, in which an incoming signal is shifted to an IF for amplification before final detection is done.
Mélangeur (électronique)Un mélangeur est un circuit permettant de combiner plusieurs signaux électriques contenant des informations différentes. Console de mixage En technique audio et vidéo, un mélangeur est un appareil à plusieurs entrées, dont le signal de sortie est la somme pondérée de signaux à ses entrées. Quand il traite des signaux audio et qu'il permet des interventions humaines, on l'appelle plutôt console de mixage. En vidéo on parle de mélangeurs. Les mélangeurs traitent les signaux analogiques ou numériques.
