K-moyennesLe partitionnement en k-moyennes (ou k-means en anglais) est une méthode de partitionnement de données et un problème d'optimisation combinatoire. Étant donnés des points et un entier k, le problème est de diviser les points en k groupes, souvent appelés clusters, de façon à minimiser une certaine fonction. On considère la distance d'un point à la moyenne des points de son cluster ; la fonction à minimiser est la somme des carrés de ces distances.
Scratchpad memoryScratchpad memory (SPM), also known as scratchpad, scratchpad RAM or local store in computer terminology, is an internal memory, usually high-speed, used for temporary storage of calculations, data, and other work in progress. In reference to a microprocessor (or CPU), scratchpad refers to a special high-speed memory used to hold small items of data for rapid retrieval. It is similar to the usage and size of a scratchpad in life: a pad of paper for preliminary notes or sketches or writings, etc.
Independent incrementsIn probability theory, independent increments are a property of stochastic processes and random measures. Most of the time, a process or random measure has independent increments by definition, which underlines their importance. Some of the stochastic processes that by definition possess independent increments are the Wiener process, all Lévy processes, all additive process and the Poisson point process. Let be a stochastic process. In most cases, or .
