Nonlocal effects in negative triangularity TCV plasmas

Global gradient driven gyrokinetic simulations performed with the Gyrokinetic Electromagnetic Numerical Experiment (GENE) code are used to investigate Tokamak a configuration variable (TCV) plasmas with negative triangularity. Considering limited L-mode plasmas, the numerical results are able to reproduce the actual transport level over a major fraction of the plasma minor radius for a plasma with delta LCFS=-0.3 delta. For the same heat flux, a larger electron temperature gradient is sustained by delta0, while local results yield a strong overestimation of the heat fluxes when delta