Mathematical constantA mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a special symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. Constants arise in many areas of mathematics, with constants such as e and pi occurring in such diverse contexts as geometry, number theory, statistics, and calculus. Some constants arise naturally by a fundamental principle or intrinsic property, such as the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle (pi).
E (nombre)vignette|redresse|L’aire sous l’hyperbole est égale à 1 sur l’intervalle [1, e]. Le nombre e est la base des logarithmes naturels, c'est-à-dire le nombre défini par ln(e) = 1. Cette constante mathématique, également appelée nombre d'Euler ou constante de Néper en référence aux mathématiciens Leonhard Euler et John Napier, vaut environ 2,71828. Ce nombre est défini à la fin du , dans une correspondance entre Leibniz et Christian Huygens, comme étant la base du logarithme naturel.
Reliable byte streamA reliable byte stream is a common service paradigm in computer networking; it refers to a byte stream in which the bytes which emerge from the communication channel at the recipient are exactly the same, and in exactly the same order, as they were when the sender inserted them into the channel. The classic example of a reliable byte stream communication protocol is the Transmission Control Protocol, one of the major building blocks of the Internet.
