VieillissementLe vieillissement est l'ensemble des modifications fonctionnelles diminuant progressivement l'aptitude d'un objet, d'une information ou d'un organisme à assurer ses fonctions dans le temps. Dans le cas d'un organisme vivant (être humain par exemple), la plupart des cellules et organes ont une durée de vie maximale génétiquement programmée, mais ce processus peut être accéléré par divers stress subis in utero ou durant la vie - qui conduisent le plus souvent cet organisme à ne plus assurer son équilibre physiologique, ce qui le mène à la mort.
Aging brainAging of the brain is a process of transformation of the brain in older age, including changes all individuals experience and those of illness (including unrecognised illness). Usually this refers to humans. Since life extension is only pertinent if accompanied by health span extension, and, more importantly, by preserving brain health and cognition, finding rejuvenating approaches that act simultaneously in peripheral tissues and in brain function is a key strategy for development of rejuvenating technology.
Aging-associated diseasesAn aging-associated disease (commonly termed age-related disease, ARD) is a disease that is most often seen with increasing frequency with increasing senescence. They are essentially complications of senescence, distinguished from the aging process itself because all adult animals age (with rare exceptions) but not all adult animals experience all age-associated diseases. The term does not refer to age-specific diseases, such as the childhood diseases chicken pox and measles, only diseases of the elderly.
Skin careSkin care is a range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance, and relieve skin conditions. They can include nutrition, avoidance of excessive sun exposure, and appropriate use of emollients. Practices that enhance appearance include the use of cosmetics, botulinum, exfoliation, fillers, laser resurfacing, microdermabrasion, peels, retinol therapy, and ultrasonic skin treatment. Skin care is a routine daily procedure in many settings, such as skin that is either too dry or too moist, and prevention of dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries.
Éclaircissement de la peaualt=Exemples de produits éclaircissant pour la peau.|vignette|Exemples de produits éclaircissant pour la peau. L’éclaircissement de la peau, également appelé blanchiment de la peau et décoloration de la peau, est une pratique cosmétique de dépigmentation de la peau (par réduction de la mélanine) à l’aide de produits chimiques. Il est couramment utilisé dans certaines sociétés pour couvrir les taches ou modifier le teint mat ou foncé pour des raisons esthétiques, la peau claire pouvant être socialement valorisée.
Couleur de la peau humainevignette|Variétés de teints de peau au sein d'une famille sud-africaine. La couleur de la peau chez l'être humain, encore appelée teint ou carnation, présente une gradation continue de marron-foncé au mat clair presque blanc, avec parfois des tons rosés ou cuivrés. La quantité et la nature de la mélanine contenue dans la peau, ainsi que leur répartition, sont les principaux critères déterminant sa couleur. Par ailleurs, le carotène alimentaire peut, en quantité importante, donner une composante légèrement jaunâtre à la peau blanche.
Cosmétiquethumb|Classe d'esthéticiennes, États-Unis, 1946 Un cosmétique (du grec : kosmeo, « je pare, j'orne ») est une substance ou un mélange destiné à être mis en contact avec diverses parties superficielles du corps humain, notamment l'épiderme, les systèmes pileux et capillaires, les ongles, les lèvres, la poitrine et les dents, en vue, exclusivement ou principalement, de les nettoyer, protéger, parfumer, maintenir en bon état, de modifier leur aspect ou d'en modifier l'odeur.
National Institute on AgingThe National Institute on Aging (NIA) is a division of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), located in Bethesda, Maryland. The NIA itself is headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland. The NIA leads a broad scientific effort to understand the nature of aging and to extend the healthy, active years of life. In 1974, under Public Law 93-296, Congress granted authority to form NIA to provide leadership in aging research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs relevant to aging and older people.
Cellular senescenceCellular senescence is a phenomenon characterized by the cessation of cell division. In their experiments during the early 1960s, Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead found that normal human fetal fibroblasts in culture reach a maximum of approximately 50 cell population doublings before becoming senescent. This process is known as "replicative senescence", or the Hayflick limit. Hayflick's discovery of mortal cells paved the path for the discovery and understanding of cellular aging molecular pathways.
Memory and agingAge-related memory loss, sometimes described as "normal aging" (also spelled "ageing" in British English), is qualitatively different from memory loss associated with types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, and is believed to have a different brain mechanism. Mild cognitive impairment Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which people face memory problems more often than that of the average person their age. These symptoms, however, do not prevent them from carrying out normal activities and are not as severe as the symptoms for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
