This lecture explores the history of biometrics, starting with the development of 'Bertillonage' in the 1880s to establish unique identities for criminals. It then delves into how biometrics was used to regulate migration and internal mobility, as seen in France's 'Carnet des Nomades' system. The lecture also discusses the Nazi regime's use of biometrics for tracking and controlling populations, leading to sensitive data privacy issues in Germany today.