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This lecture covers the mathematics of growth, exponential growth, exponential decay, and the logistic model in the context of population growth and resource consumption. It discusses the limitations of exponential growth models, the concept of carrying capacity, and the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model. The instructor presents case studies, such as the Easter Island population crash and the impact of environmental factors on population dynamics. Additionally, it explores the Gompertz growth model and its application to real-world scenarios, like the analysis of Swiss Covid-19 data. The lecture concludes with exercises on exponential growth rates and population predictions.