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This lecture covers the principles of probe detection using antibodies and DNA in bio/CMOS interfaces, including topics such as antibody-antigen interactions, antibody specificity, DNA hybridization, fluorescent and chemiluminescence labeling, and electrochemical labels. It also discusses the challenges of specificity, charge interactions, and capacitance detection in DNA sensing. The instructor explains the importance of direct signals in probe/target interactions and the significance of charged residues and Helmholtz planes in the detection process.