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This lecture covers the fundamental aspects of cancer, including its definition as an abnormal growth of cells sustained by genetic changes. It explores the concept of tumors as Darwinian ecosystems, the frequency of cancer development across age intervals, and the process of metastasis. The presentation delves into the classification of tumors by grade, major groups of human tumors, and the different types of carcinomas and sarcomas. Additionally, it discusses hematopoietic malignancies, neuroectodermal tumors, and other types of tumors that do not fit into major classifications, such as melanomas and small-cell lung carcinomas.