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This lecture covers the recognition mechanisms of the innate immune system, including the recognition of pathogens through pattern recognition, direct agent recognition, and the recognition of absence or damaged tissue danger signals. It also delves into the concept of 'Modified self' and 'Microbial non-self / danger', explaining how different immune cells like NK cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and epithelial cells play a role in innate immune recognition. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in microbial recognition and the role of various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in identifying different classes of pathogens.