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This lecture covers the fundamentals of RSA cryptography, focusing on computational problems such as RSA Decryption Problem, Group Order Problem, RSA Key Recovery Problem, RSA Factorization Problem, and Exponent Multiple Problem. It delves into the complexities of factoring large numbers, computing square roots, and determining element orders in Zn. The instructor explains the security implications of RSA problems and their equivalence to factoring. Additionally, the lecture explores the construction of finite fields, particularly GF(p) for Dummies, and provides examples of constructing fields like GF(23). The session concludes with a discussion on computational challenges in RSA cryptography and references for further study.