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This lecture covers the principles of modular programming, emphasizing the importance of separating tasks, abstraction, and reusability. It explains the concept of software architecture, focusing on the make command, makefile, and dependency graphs. The lecture also delves into the modular breakdown of a project, illustrating the creation and usage of modules through examples. It discusses the nature and consequences of dependencies between modules, highlighting the risks of inconsistency and the benefits of separate compilation. Additionally, it explores the construction of dependency graphs, the role of makefiles, and the process of producing an executable in a modular program.