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This lecture covers the structure and function of glial cells in the nervous system. It discusses the different types of glial cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells, highlighting their roles in supporting neurons, myelination, synaptic transmission, and memory formation. The lecture also explores the concept of myelin plasticity, the blood-brain barrier, and the impact of glial cells in diseases like multiple sclerosis. Additionally, it delves into the reprogramming of NG2 glia for neuronal replacement therapies and the role of microglia in synaptic pruning and memory.