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This lecture explores the future world population growth concentrated in cities, the percentage of population living in urban areas, and the role of urbanization in development. It delves into the impact of population growth on the environment, focusing on CO2 emissions, global warming, and other environmental effects. The lecture also discusses the demographic 'dividend' & 'metabolism', the growth of slum dwellers, and the international heterogeneity of greenhouse gas emissions. It concludes by highlighting the concentration of future city population growth in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the opportunities brought by the demographic transition, and the challenges posed by demographic differences worldwide.