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This lecture discusses the evolution of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and their key features, such as singleness of currency, ease of use, scalability, and fast transactions. It explores the history of payment systems, from postal giro to modern CBDCs, highlighting the innovations and challenges faced in the process. The presentation also delves into the global impact of giro systems, the role of standards in international payments, and the liberalization of postal giro systems in the late 20th century.