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This lecture covers the concepts of classes, encapsulation, and abstraction in the context of modular programming. It discusses the relationship between classes and the objectives of modular programming, the future of 'struct' in programming, interface and implementation at the class level, scope and hierarchy of namespaces, concrete types, and the correct usage of 'struct' as a concrete type. The lecture also emphasizes the importance of encapsulation in classes, the differences between structures and classes, and the proper declaration of variables and functions within namespaces.