This lecture covers the distribution theory of least squares estimators in the context of a Gaussian linear model. It explains the sampling distribution of the estimators, including  and ở, and their precision for building confidence intervals and testing hypotheses. The lecture also discusses the sampling distribution of the least squares estimators under a Gaussian model, providing theorems and corollaries related to the unbiasedness of S² and ô². Additionally, it delves into confidence and prediction intervals construction, highlighting the importance of understanding the precision of estimators in statistical analysis.