This lecture delves into the homotopy theory of chain complexes, focusing on defining cylinder objects and left homotopy. The instructor discusses necessary lifting properties, factorization axioms, and the 2-out-of-3 property. Various cases and examples are explored, such as the 'baby case' and specific lifting scenarios. The lecture emphasizes the characterization of fibrant and cofibrant objects, along with proving the retractation axiom. The session concludes with considerations on chain maps and the concept of good candidates for certain functions.