DNA Mutations: Mechanisms and Consequences

This lecture covers the mechanisms behind DNA mutations, including spontaneous mutations due to replication errors and tautomeric shifts in nucleotides. It also explores induced mutations caused by mutagens like chemicals, radiation, and reactive oxygen species. The consequences of these mutations, such as base pair mismatches and DNA breaks, are discussed, along with repair mechanisms. The lecture emphasizes the inevitability of mutations and their role in genetic diversity.