Pivalic acid (PVA) was used as a new coadsorbent to dyesensitized solar cells (DSCs) to modify the interface between the TiO2 films and electrolyte. The addition of PVA improved the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of devices by 8% by enhancing the open-circuit voltage.
Michael Graetzel, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Felix Thomas Eickemeyer, Zhongjin Shen, Naura Fakhira Antariksa
Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Jacques-Edouard Moser, Yuhang Liu, Ulf Anders Hagfeldt, Ladislav Kavan, Jingshan Luo, Chenyi Yi, Yiming Cao, Yasemin Saygili, Weiwei Zhang, Yinghui Wu, Heewon Bahng