Publication

High-dynamic-range imaging with photon-counting arrays (Conference Presentation)

Abstract

We present a comprehensive analysis to guide the use of the nonlinear photon response in photon-counting arrays to extend their optical dynamic range far beyond 1/Tdead, where Tdead is the pixel dead time after photon detection, so as to achieve a high dynamic range of >120 dB. This extension depends on the actual recharge (or reset) mode applied to the photon-counting pixels, where each mode features a different photon response and signal-to-noise ratio. While linearizing the photon response, the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. By limiting the signal-to-noise ratio decrease to maximally -3dB, one can extend the dynamic range by more than 16× for active event-driven recharge.

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Dynamic range
Dynamic range (abbreviated DR, DNR, or DYR) is the ratio between the largest and smallest values that a certain quantity can assume. It is often used in the context of signals, like sound and light. It is measured either as a ratio or as a base-10 (decibel) or base-2 (doublings, bits or stops) logarithmic value of the difference between the smallest and largest signal values. Electronically reproduced audio and video is often processed to fit the original material with a wide dynamic range into a narrower recorded dynamic range that can more easily be stored and reproduced; this processing is called dynamic range compression.
Signal-to-noise ratio
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to noise power, often expressed in decibels. A ratio higher than 1:1 (greater than 0 dB) indicates more signal than noise. SNR is an important parameter that affects the performance and quality of systems that process or transmit signals, such as communication systems, audio systems, radar systems, imaging systems, and data acquisition systems.
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