Oligomerization of the alpha 1a- and alpha 1b-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes: Potential Implications in Receptor Internalization

We combined biophys., biochem., and pharmacol. approaches to investigate the ability of the a1a- and a1b-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes to form homo- and hetero-oligomers. Receptors tagged with different epitopes (hemagglutinin and Myc) or fluorescent proteins (cyan and green fluorescent proteins) were transiently expressed in HEK-293 cells either individually or in different combinations. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements provided evidence that both the a1a- and a1b-AR can form homo-oligomers with similar transfer efficiency of .apprx.0.10. Hetero-oligomers could also be obsd. between the a1b- and the a1a-AR subtypes but not between the a1b-AR and the b2-AR, the NK1 tachykinin, or the CCR5 chemokine receptors. Oligomerization of the a1b-AR did not require the integrity of its C-tail, of two glycophorin motifs, or of the N-linked glycosylation sites at its N terminus. In contrast, helix I and, to a lesser extent, helix VII were found to play a role in the a1b-AR homo-oligomerization. Receptor oligomerization was not influenced by the agonist epinephrine or by the inverse agonist prazosin. A constitutively active (A293E) as well as a signaling-deficient (R143E) mutant displayed oligomerization features similar to those of the wild type a1b-AR. Confocal imaging revealed that oligomerization of the a1-AR subtypes correlated with their ability to co-internalize upon exposure to the agonist. The a1a-selective agonist oxymetazoline induced the co-internalization of the a1a- and a1b-AR, whereas the a1b-AR could not co-internalize with the NK1 tachykinin or CCR5 chemokine receptors. Oligomerization might therefore represent an addnl. mechanism regulating the physiol. responses mediated by the a1a- and a1b-AR subtypes. [on SciFinder (R)]