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Concept
BIBO stability
Summary
In signal processing, specifically control theory, bounded-input, bounded-output (BIBO) stability is a form of stability for signals and systems that take inputs. If a system is BIBO stable, then the output will be bounded for every input to the system that is bounded.
A signal is bounded if there is a finite value such that the signal magnitude never exceeds , that is
For discrete-time signals:
For continuous-time signals:
For a continuous time linear time-invariant (LTI) system, the condition for BIBO stability is that the impulse response, , be absolutely integrable, i.e., its L1 norm exists.
For a discrete time LTI system, the condition for BIBO stability is that the impulse response be absolutely summable, i.e., its norm exists.
Given a discrete time LTI system with impulse response the relationship between the input and the output is
where denotes convolution. Then it follows by the definition of convolution
Let be the maximum value of , i.e., the -norm.
(by the triangle inequality)
If is absolutely summable, then and
So if is absolutely summable and is bounded, then is bounded as well because .
The proof for continuous-time follows the same arguments.
For a rational and continuous-time system, the condition for stability is that the region of convergence (ROC) of the Laplace transform includes the imaginary axis. When the system is causal, the ROC is the open region to the right of a vertical line whose abscissa is the real part of the "largest pole", or the pole that has the greatest real part of any pole in the system. The real part of the largest pole defining the ROC is called the abscissa of convergence. Therefore, all poles of the system must be in the strict left half of the s-plane for BIBO stability.
This stability condition can be derived from the above time-domain condition as follows:
where and
The region of convergence must therefore include the imaginary axis.
For a rational and discrete time system, the condition for stability is that the region of convergence (ROC) of the z-transform includes the unit circle.
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