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Concept
Shock (mechanics)
Summary
A mechanical or physical shock is a sudden acceleration caused, for example, by impact, drop, kick, earthquake, or explosion. Shock is a transient physical excitation.
Shock describes matter subject to extreme rates of force with respect to time. Shock is a vector that has units of an acceleration (rate of change of velocity). The unit g (or g) represents multiples of the acceleration of gravity and is conventionally used.
A shock pulse can be characterised by its peak acceleration, the duration, and the shape of the shock pulse (half sine, triangular, trapezoidal, etc.). The shock response spectrum is a method for further evaluating a mechanical shock.
Shock measurement is of interest in several fields such as
Propagation of heel shock through a runner's body
Measure the magnitude of a shock need to cause damage to an item: fragility.
Measure shock attenuation through athletic flooring
Measuring the effectiveness of a shock absorber
Measuring the shock absorbing ability of package cushioning
Measure the ability of an athletic helmet to protect people
Measure the effectiveness of shock mounts
Determining the ability of structures to resist seismic shock: earthquakes, etc.
Determining whether personal protective fabric attenuates or amplifies shocks
Verifying that a Naval ship and its equipment can survive explosive shocks
Shocks are usually measured by accelerometers but other transducers and high speed imaging are also used. A wide variety of laboratory instrumentation is available; stand-alone shock data loggers are also used.
Field shocks are highly variable and often have very uneven shapes. Even laboratory controlled shocks often have uneven shapes and include short duration spikes; Noise can be reduced by appropriate digital or analog filtering.
Governing test methods and specifications provide detail about the conduct of shock tests. Proper placement of measuring instruments is critical. Fragile items and packaged goods respond with variation to uniform laboratory shocks; Replicate testing is often called for.
Official source
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