In functional analysis, an F-space is a vector space over the real or complex numbers together with a metric such that
Scalar multiplication in is continuous with respect to and the standard metric on or
Addition in is continuous with respect to
The metric is translation-invariant; that is, for all
The metric space is complete.
The operation is called an F-norm, although in general an F-norm is not required to be homogeneous. By translation-invariance, the metric is recoverable from the F-norm. Thus, a real or complex F-space is equivalently a real or complex vector space equipped with a complete F-norm.
Some authors use the term rather than , but usually the term "Fréchet space" is reserved for locally convex F-spaces.
Some other authors use the term "F-space" as a synonym of "Fréchet space", by which they mean a locally convex complete metrizable topological vector space.
The metric may or may not necessarily be part of the structure on an F-space; many authors only require that such a space be metrizable in a manner that satisfies the above properties.
All Banach spaces and Fréchet spaces are F-spaces. In particular, a Banach space is an F-space with an additional requirement that
The Lp spaces can be made into F-spaces for all and for they can be made into locally convex and thus Fréchet spaces and even Banach spaces.
is an F-space. It admits no continuous seminorms and no continuous linear functionals — it has trivial dual space.
Let be the space of all complex valued Taylor series
on the unit disc such that
then for are F-spaces under the p-norm:
In fact, is a quasi-Banach algebra. Moreover, for any with the map is a bounded linear (multiplicative functional) on
The open mapping theorem implies that if are topologies on that make both and into complete metrizable topological vector spaces (for example, Banach or Fréchet spaces) and if one topology is finer or coarser than the other then they must be equal (that is, if ).
A linear almost continuous map into an F-space whose graph is closed is continuous.
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Explores the limit distribution of componentwise maxima of independent random variables, leading to a non-degenerate distribution with unit Fréchet margins.
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, locally convex topological vector spaces (LCTVS) or locally convex spaces are examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) that generalize normed spaces. They can be defined as topological vector spaces whose topology is generated by translations of balanced, absorbent, convex sets. Alternatively they can be defined as a vector space with a family of seminorms, and a topology can be defined in terms of that family.
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, Fréchet spaces, named after Maurice Fréchet, are special topological vector spaces. They are generalizations of Banach spaces (normed vector spaces that are complete with respect to the metric induced by the norm). All Banach and Hilbert spaces are Fréchet spaces. Spaces of infinitely differentiable functions are typical examples of Fréchet spaces, many of which are typically Banach spaces.
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a complete topological vector space is a topological vector space (TVS) with the property that whenever points get progressively closer to each other, then there exists some point towards which they all get closer. The notion of "points that get progressively closer" is made rigorous by or , which are generalizations of , while "point towards which they all get closer" means that this Cauchy net or filter converges to The notion of completeness for TVSs uses the theory of uniform spaces as a framework to generalize the notion of completeness for metric spaces.
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Elsevier Science Bv2016
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