Joint

A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's skeletal system into a functional whole. They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movement. Some joints, such as the knee, elbow, and shoulder, are self-lubricating, almost frictionless, and are able to withstand compression and maintain heavy loads while still executing smooth and precise movements. Other joints such as sutures between the bones of the skull permit very little movement (only during birth) in order to protect the brain and the sense organs. The connection between a tooth and the jawbone is also called a joint, and is described as a fibrous joint known as a gomphosis. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally. The number of joints depends on if sesamoids are included, age of the human and the definition of joints. However, the number of sesamoids is the same in most people with variations being rare. Joints are mainly classified structurally and functionally. Structural classification is determined by how the bones connect to each other, while functional classification is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones. In practice, there is significant overlap between the two types of classifications. monoarticular – concerning one joint oligoarticular or pauciarticular – concerning 2–4 joints polyarticular – concerning 5 or more joints Structural classification names and divides joints according to the type of binding tissue that connects the bones to each other. There are four structural classifications of joints: fibrous joint – joined by dense regular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers cartilaginous joint – joined by cartilage. There are two types: primary cartilaginous joints composed of hyaline cartilage, and secondary cartilaginous joints composed of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surfaces of the involved bones with fibrocartilage connecting them.

Surgical approaches to the capitellum: a comparative anatomic study

Alexandre Terrier, Patrick Goetti, Frédéric Vauclair

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral capitellum is an important cause of elbow disability in young athletes. Large and unstable lesions sometimes require joint reconstruction with osteochondral autograft. Several approaches have been ...

Mosby-Elsevier2024

MaskCLR: Attention-Guided Contrastive Learning for Robust Action Representation Learning

Alexandre Massoud Alahi, Mohamed Ossama Ahmed Abdelfattah, Mariam Ahmed Mahmoud Hegazy Hassan

Current transformer-based skeletal action recognition models tend to focus on a limited set of joints and low-level motion patterns to predict action classes. This results in significant performance degradation under small skeleton perturbations or changin ...

2024

Surgical approaches to the capitellum: a comparative anatomic study

MaskCLR: Attention-Guided Contrastive Learning for Robust Action Representation Learning

Enhancing Chondrocyte Biosynthetic Activities: Harnessing the Power of Loading-Induced Evolved Temperature

Surgical approaches to the capitellum: a comparative anatomic study

MaskCLR: Attention-Guided Contrastive Learning for Robust Action Representation Learning

Enhancing Chondrocyte Biosynthetic Activities: Harnessing the Power of Loading-Induced Evolved Temperature