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Concept
Ordinary court
Summary
Ordinary court or judicial court is a type of court with comprehensive subject-matter jurisdiction compared to 'specialized court' with limited jurisdiction over specific filed of matters, such as intellectual property court. Due to its comprehensive feature, ordinary courts usually deal with civil case and criminal case, and treated as core part of conventional judiciary. Especially for common law countries, the term superior court is used for courts with general jurisdiction (regardless of instance level in chain of appellate procedure), compared to courts with limited jurisdiction over minor, petty cases such as small claims court.
Sometimes, the term ordinary court is referred to courts with regular procedure or composition, compared to an extraordinary court with irregular procedure or composition.
French judiciary courts
In France, ordinary courts (ordre judiciaire) are courts under TITLE VIII of Constitution of France separated from administrative courts and constitutional court. These ordinary courts mainly deals with civil and criminal cases, and are composed of judges called 'magistrates (Magistrat)' educated from French National School for the Judiciary, while judges composing administrative court and constitutional court are usually not trained in French National School for the Judiciary. Chain of ordinary court's hierarchy inside French judiciary has Court of Cassation as their highest court.
In Germany, ordinary courts are explained as courts with 'ordinary jurisdiction (Ordentliche Gerichtsbarkeit)', compared to special jurisdictions such as administrative, labour, social security, and fiscal law. Though each of these five jurisdictions including ordinary jurisdiction has its own highest court (usually translated as 'Federal Courts', Bundesgericht), all of jurisdictions share same route of legal education and training for Judges. The Federal Court of Justice is highest court of chain of ordinary court's hierarchy. Under ordinary jurisdiction, Federal Patent Court is established as lower court of Federal Court of Justice concerning intellectual property matters.
Official source
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