Ordre judiciaire

Ordinary court or judicial court is a type of court with comprehensive subject-matter jurisdiction compared to 'specialized court' with limited jurisdiction over specific filed of matters, such as intellectual property court. Due to its comprehensive feature, ordinary courts usually deal with civil case and criminal case, and treated as core part of conventional judiciary. Especially for common law countries, the term superior court is used for courts with general jurisdiction (regardless of instance level in chain of appellate procedure), compared to courts with limited jurisdiction over minor, petty cases such as small claims court. Sometimes, the term ordinary court is referred to courts with regular procedure or composition, compared to an extraordinary court with irregular procedure or composition. French judiciary courts In France, ordinary courts (ordre judiciaire) are courts under TITLE VIII of Constitution of France separated from administrative courts and constitutional court. These ordinary courts mainly deals with civil and criminal cases, and are composed of judges called 'magistrates (Magistrat)' educated from French National School for the Judiciary, while judges composing administrative court and constitutional court are usually not trained in French National School for the Judiciary. Chain of ordinary court's hierarchy inside French judiciary has Court of Cassation as their highest court. In Germany, ordinary courts are explained as courts with 'ordinary jurisdiction (Ordentliche Gerichtsbarkeit)', compared to special jurisdictions such as administrative, labour, social security, and fiscal law. Though each of these five jurisdictions including ordinary jurisdiction has its own highest court (usually translated as 'Federal Courts', Bundesgericht), all of jurisdictions share same route of legal education and training for Judges. The Federal Court of Justice is highest court of chain of ordinary court's hierarchy. Under ordinary jurisdiction, Federal Patent Court is established as lower court of Federal Court of Justice concerning intellectual property matters.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Concepts associés (3)

Subject-matter jurisdiction

Subject-matter jurisdiction, also called jurisdiction ratione materiae, is a legal doctrine holding that a court can only hear and decide cases of a particular type (i.e., cases relating to a specific subject matter). The subject matter jurisdiction of a court may be described as either limited jurisdiction, meaning it is able to hear only certain types of cases, or general jurisdiction, meaning it is presumed able to hear and decide all types of cases. For instance, a bankruptcy court only has the authority to hear bankruptcy cases.

Tribunal

vignette|La Cour européenne des droits de l'homme. vignette|Palais de justice de Paris. vignette|Cour suprême des Pays-Bas. vignette|Le Tribunal militaire de Nuremberg en 1945. vignette|Phoronée, personnage de la mythologie grecque, vu comme inventeur du tribunal. Le tribunal ou cour est un lieu où est rendue la justice. C'est là que les personnes en conflit viennent chercher la justice et où celles qui n'ont pas respecté la loi sont jugées. Plus précisément, un tribunal n'est pas obligatoirement un service public de l'État.

Cour suprême

Une cour suprême est le nom porté dans certains pays par la juridiction la plus élevée (compétence nationale). Dans certains cas, la Cour suprême d'un pays cumule les rôles de : veillant notamment à la conformité des lois avec la constitution du pays ; cour administrative, sur les actes réglementaires du gouvernement (contrôle juridictionnel) ; tribunal de dernière instance pour les affaires de l' ; tribunal de dernière instance pour les affaires de l' tribunal unique pour certains actes (délais de procédure en France.