Auditory processing disorder (APD), rarely known as King-Kopetzky syndrome or auditory disability with normal hearing (ADN), is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. Individuals with APD usually have normal structure and function of the outer, middle, and inner ear (peripheral hearing). However, they cannot process the information they hear in the same way as others do, which leads to difficulties in recognizing and interpreting sounds, especially the sounds composing speech. It is thought that these difficulties arise from dysfunction in the central nervous system.
The American Academy of Audiology notes that APD is diagnosed by difficulties in one or more auditory processes known to reflect the function of the central auditory nervous system. It can affect both children and adults. Although the actual prevalence is currently unknown, it has been estimated to impact 2–7% in children in US and UK populations. APD can continue into adulthood. It has been reported that males are twice as likely to be affected by the disorder as females.
Neurodevelopmental forms of APD are differentiable from aphasia in that aphasia is by definition caused by acquired brain injury, but acquired epileptic aphasia has been viewed as a form of APD.
Many people experience problems with learning and day-to-day tasks with difficulties over time. Individuals with this disorder may experience the signs and symptoms below;
talk louder than necessary
talk softer than necessary
have trouble remembering a list or sequence
often need words or sentences repeated
have poor ability to memorize information learned by listening
interpret words too literally
need assistance hearing clearly in noisy environments
rely on accommodation and modification strategies
find or request a quiet work space away from others
request written material when attending oral presentations
ask for directions to be given one step at a time
It has been discovered that APD and ADHD may present overlapping symptoms.
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