Big Five personality traits | EPFL Graph Search

The Big Five personality traits is a suggested taxonomy, or grouping, for personality traits, developed from the 1980s onward in psychological trait theory. Starting in the 1990s, the theory identified five factors by labels, for the US English population, typically referred to as:

openness to experience (inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious)
conscientiousness (efficient/organized vs. extravagant/careless)
extraversion (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved)
agreeableness (friendly/compassionate vs. critical/rational)
neuroticism (sensitive/nervous vs. resilient/confident)

When factor analysis is applied to personality survey data, it reveals semantic associations: some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person. For example, someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as "always prepared" rather than "messy". These associations suggest five broad dimensions used in common languag

Interactions between Personality, Depression, Anxiety and Cognition to Understand Early Stage of Alzheimer's Disease

Valérie Rita Madeleine Zufferey

The multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can lead to wide inter-individual differences in disease manifestation in terms of brain pathology and cognition. The lack of understanding of phenotypic diversity in AD arises from a difficulty in understanding the integration of different levels of network organization (i.e. genes, neurons, synapses, anatomical regions, functions) and in inclusion of other information such as neuropsychiatric characteristics, personal history, information regarding general health or subjective cognitive complaints in a coherent model. Non-cognitive factors, such as personality traits and behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, can be informative markers of early disease stage. It is known that personality can affect cognition and behavioral symptoms. The aim of the paper is to review the different types of interactions existing between personality, depression/anxiety, and cognition and cognitive disorders at behavioral and brain/genetic levels.

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD2020

Genome-Wide Association Study of Alzheimer's Disease Brain Imaging Biomarkers and Neuropsychological Phenotypes in the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery Dataset

Christopher Clark

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease with an increasing prevalence in industrialized, aging populations. AD susceptibility has an established genetic basis which has been the focus of a large number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) published over the last decade. Most of these GWAS used dichotomized clinical diagnostic status, i.e., case vs. control classification, as outcome phenotypes, without the use of biomarkers. An alternative and potentially more powerful study design is afforded by using quantitative AD-related phenotypes as GWAS outcome traits, an analysis paradigm that we followed in this work. Specifically, we utilized genotype and phenotype data from n = 931 individuals collected under the auspices of the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) study to perform a total of 19 separate GWAS analyses. As outcomes we used five magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) traits and seven cognitive performance traits. For the latter, longitudinal data from at least two timepoints were available in addition to cross-sectional assessments at baseline. Our GWAS analyses revealed several genome-wide significant associations for the neuropsychological performance measures, in particular those assayed longitudinally. Among the most noteworthy signals were associations in or near EHBP1 (EH domain binding protein 1; on chromosome 2p15) and CEP112 (centrosomal protein 112; 17q24.1) with delayed recall as well as SMOC2 (SPARC related modular calcium binding 2; 6p27) with immediate recall in a memory performance test. On the X chromosome, which is often excluded in other GWAS, we identified a genome-wide significant signal near IL1RAPL1 (interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein like 1; Xp21.3). While polygenic score (PGS) analyses showed the expected strong associations with SNPs highlighted in relevant previous GWAS on hippocampal volume and cognitive function, they did not show noteworthy associations with recent AD risk GWAS findings. In summary, our study highlights the power of using quantitative endophenotypes as outcome traits in AD-related GWAS analyses and nominates several new loci not previously implicated in cognitive decline.

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2022

Impact de la communication voco-visuelle dans le management sur la motivation des collaborateurs

Our research work wishes to highlight the importance of the relationship between the vocal and physical behaviour of the manager and team motivation. In order to investigate this important relationship, a survey by means of a questionnaire and two field studies were undertaken. The survey has notably showed that in communication situations the working population questioned is above all sensitive to physical behaviour. The people questioned often put vocal communication in second place. It should be noted that their principal factor of motivation within the professional environment is recognition and respect for the individual. According to them, for physical behaviour, it is mainly through the eyes, followed by facial expressions and then the manager's posture that recognition and respect for the individual are expressed. With regard to vocal behaviour, these elements can be expressed through the intonation, tone and loudness of the voice. The field studies and the decision to prioritize the analysis of physical behaviour allowed us to confirm whether this body language, a sign of recognition and respect of the individual and therefore source of motivation, was a reality and resulted in a successful contact. In the working place, the way the manager looks at his team, notably, can be lacking or even absent and consequently this absence can be perceived as a closure. Therefore, if we follow our logic, this could have an influence on staff motivation. We therefore decided to complete our field studies by having the teams pass a connotation test to find out their real feelings towards their manager's behaviour. It appears that the manager's recognition for them takes second place to other equally necessary managerial qualities such as strength, endurance and a proactive personality which are widely accepted. The conclusions of the questionnaire survey have therefore been confirmed by the qualitative study. By proceeding stage by stage, our research has therefore managed to confirm the real relationship between the principal factor of motivation for staff "recognition and respect of the individual" and the physical behaviour "look, facial expression and posture" which expresses this recognition. And by really taking into consideration the relationship of vocal and visual behaviour to motivation, every manager can encourage a better quality of understanding within his team. This active listening will allow him to build a complementary and successful team by placing the right person in the right place! Henceforth, every individual's satisfaction at work becomes progressively a collective effort and a real social culture within the working place begins to grow…

EPFL2009

Impact de la communication voco-visuelle dans le management sur la motivation des collaborateurs

EPFL2009

Christopher Clark

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2022