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In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H−), a hydrogen atom with two electrons. The term is applied loosely. At one extreme, all compounds containing covalently bound H atoms are called hydrides: water (H2O) is a hydride of oxygen, ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen, etc. For inorganic chemists, hydrides refer to compounds and ions in which hydrogen is covalently attached to a less electronegative element. In such cases, the H centre has nucleophilic character, which contrasts with the protic character of acids. The hydride anion is very rarely observed. Almost all of the elements form binary compounds with hydrogen, the exceptions being He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Pm, Os, Ir, Rn, Fr, and Ra. Exotic molecules such as positronium hydride have also been made. Bonds Bonds between hydrogen and the other elements range from highly to somewhat covalent. Some hydrides, e.g. boron hydrides, do not conform to classical electron counting rules and t

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In this work, we have studied various aspects of catalysts and catalytic processes at the solid-liquid interface, e.g. the reduction of supported PdO, the formation of Pd hydrides, their quantification, the their reactivity in a transient in time-resolved manner, Ru and P-modified Ru based catalysts and zeolites. In order to provide structural information mainly X-ray absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used, while the measurements were made possible by the realization of a dedicated setup including reactor cells. The cells are designed to allow for monitoring structural changes of oxidation state and nature of adsorbates in a time-resolved manner. This is of particular interest to study the reactivity of species, such as the Pd hydrides, formed on the catalyst in the liquid environment exploiting tools that are already widely applied to study gas phase reactions.

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The catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 at the surface of a metal hydride and the corresponding surface segregation were investigated. The surface processes on Mg 2NiH 4 were analyzed by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and mass spectrometry (MS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). CO 2 hydrogenation on the hydride surface during hydrogen desorption was analyzed by catalytic activity measurement with a flow reactor, a gas chromatograph (GC) and MS. We conclude that for the CO 2 methanation reaction, the dissociation of H 2 molecules at the surface is not the rate controlling step but the dissociative adsorption of CO 2 molecules on the hydride surface. © the Owner Societies 2012.

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