Mobile operating system

Summary

A mobile operating system is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, smartglasses, or other non-laptop personal mobile computing devices. While computers such as typical/mobile laptops are "mobile", the operating systems used on them are generally not considered mobile ones, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific mobile features. This line distinguishing mobile and other forms has become blurred in recent years, due to the fact that newer devices have become smaller and more mobile unlike hardware of the past. Key notabilities blurring this line are the introduction of tablet computers and light-weight laptops and the hybridization of the two in 2-in-1 PCs. Mobile operating systems combine features of a desktop computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use, and usually including a wireless inbuilt modem and SIM tray for telephony and data connection. In Q1 2018, ove

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system

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NrOS: Effective Replication and Sharing in an Operating System

Ankit Bhardwaj, Sanidhya Kashyap

Writing a correct operating system kernel is notoriously hard. Kernel code requires manual memory management and type-unsafe code and must efficiently handle complex, asynchronous events. In addition, increasing CPU core counts further complicate kernel development. Typically, monolithic kernels share state across cores and rely on one-off synchronization patterns that are specialized for each kernel structure or subsystem. Hence, kernel developers are constantly refining synchronization within OS kernels to improve scalability at the risk of introducing subtle bugs. We present NrOS, a new OS kernel with a safer approach to synchronization that runs many POSIX programs. NrOS is primarily constructed as a simple, sequential kernel with no concurrency, making it easier to develop and reason about its correctness. This kernel is scaled across NUMA nodes using node replication, a scheme inspired by state machine replication in distributed systems. NrOS replicates kernel state on each NUMA node and uses operation logs to maintain strong consistency between replicas. Cores can safely and concurrently read from their local kernel replica, eliminating remote NUMA accesses. Our evaluation shows that NrOS scales to 96 cores with performance that nearly always dominates Linux at scale, in some cases by orders of magnitude, while retaining much of the simplicity of a sequential kernel.

USENIX ASSOC2021

This paper presents hardware and software mechanisms to enable concurrent direct network access (CDNA) by operating systems running within a virtual machine monitor. In a conventional virtual machine monitor, each operating system running within a virtual machine must access the network through a software-virtualized network interface. These virtual network interfaces are multiplexed in software onto a physical network interface, incurring significant performance overheads. The CDNA architecture improves networking efficiency and performance by dividing the tasks of traffic multiplexing, interrupt delivery, and memory protection between hardware and software in a novel way. The virtual machine monitor delivers interrupts and provides protection between virtual machines, while the network interface performs multiplexing of the network data. In effect, the CDNA architecture provides the abstraction that each virtual machine is connected directly to its own network interface. Through the use of CDNA, many of the bottlenecks imposed by software multiplexing can be eliminated without sacrificing protection, producing substantial efficiency improvements.

2007

Functional and Adaptive Construction for Rescue

Hadi Ardiny

Although recent advances in the field of robotics have greatly increased robotic capabilities for several applications, autonomous robots are still in their infancy regarding their support of onsite construction. Unlike production robots that are used, for instance, in automotive industries, autonomous robotic systems should be designed with special considerations, such as the complexity of the cluttered and dynamic working space, inaccuracy in positioning because of the nature of mobile systems, and so forth. Thus, construction has been known as a highly complex application field for robotic systems, especially in unknown environments. In this thesis, we focus on the developments of an autonomous construction system by taking inspiration from architectural designs found in the animal kingdom. The construction system allows robots to build functional structures over a different range of environmental conditions or in unknown sites without the use of any predefined construction plan (i.e., blueprint). We call this approach adaptive and functional autonomous construction (AFAC). Indeed, AFAC is a robust and intelligent system that can tackle unforeseen problems of unknown environments and faults made during the course of building. We present two approaches for AFAC. One is a local approach that enables robots to locally sense features of their environment and then act immediately according to defined rules without using any global representation or knowledge of the world. Second is a global approach, which involves building structures by analysing global representations and knowledge produced by the robots. This approach consists of three phases: the first phase is exploration, to map the unknown environment and to find important elements. In the second phase, an effective construction plan is autonomously computed using collected data and the defined functions. Finally, in the last phase, the robot builds structures based on the computed construction plan. One interesting implementation of the introduced construction system is its potential use in a post disaster environment, where an autonomous robotic system can perform construction tasks in the rescue operation. Robots can be employed to build protective structures for rescue functions, including stabilizing large structures or protecting victims in unknown environments, where the environment are perhaps covered by debris. Inasmuch as the robots cannot plan in advance to build these structures, the rescue application is a well suited case for the study and implementation of AFAC in unknown and cluttered environments. Through implementation of AFAC in the rescue situations, we develop AFAC from scratch to the level at which the robots can autonomously apply AFAC's principles for use in the new classes of construction applications. We also study and compare the local and global approaches of AFAC. In addition, we develop new exploration methods and construction plan computation methodologies for the global approach to efficiently lead AFAC.

EPFL2017

Functional and Adaptive Construction for Rescue

Hadi Ardiny

EPFL2017