Concept
Hilbert's Nullstellensatz
Related concepts (28)
Affine space
In mathematics, an affine space is a geometric structure that generalizes some of the properties of Euclidean spaces in such a way that these are independent of the concepts of distance and measure of angles, keeping only the properties related to parallelism and ratio of lengths for parallel line segments. In an affine space, there is no distinguished point that serves as an origin. Hence, no vector has a fixed origin and no vector can be uniquely associated to a point.
Spectrum of a ring
In commutative algebra, the prime spectrum (or simply the spectrum) of a ring R is the set of all prime ideals of R, and is usually denoted by ; in algebraic geometry it is simultaneously a topological space equipped with the sheaf of rings . For any ideal I of R, define to be the set of prime ideals containing I. We can put a topology on by defining the to be This topology is called the Zariski topology. A basis for the Zariski topology can be constructed as follows. For f ∈ R, define Df to be the set of prime ideals of R not containing f.
Ring theory
In algebra, ring theory is the study of rings—algebraic structures in which addition and multiplication are defined and have similar properties to those operations defined for the integers. Ring theory studies the structure of rings, their representations, or, in different language, modules, special classes of rings (group rings, division rings, universal enveloping algebras), as well as an array of properties that proved to be of interest both within the theory itself and for its applications, such as homological properties and polynomial identities.
Principal ideal
In mathematics, specifically ring theory, a principal ideal is an ideal in a ring that is generated by a single element of through multiplication by every element of The term also has another, similar meaning in order theory, where it refers to an (order) ideal in a poset generated by a single element which is to say the set of all elements less than or equal to in The remainder of this article addresses the ring-theoretic concept.
Algebra over a field
In mathematics, an algebra over a field (often simply called an algebra) is a vector space equipped with a bilinear product. Thus, an algebra is an algebraic structure consisting of a set together with operations of multiplication and addition and scalar multiplication by elements of a field and satisfying the axioms implied by "vector space" and "bilinear". The multiplication operation in an algebra may or may not be associative, leading to the notions of associative algebras and non-associative algebras.
Sheaf (mathematics)
In mathematics, a sheaf (: sheaves) is a tool for systematically tracking data (such as sets, abelian groups, rings) attached to the open sets of a topological space and defined locally with regard to them. For example, for each open set, the data could be the ring of continuous functions defined on that open set. Such data is well behaved in that it can be restricted to smaller open sets, and also the data assigned to an open set is equivalent to all collections of compatible data assigned to collections of smaller open sets covering the original open set (intuitively, every piece of data is the sum of its parts).
Maximal ideal
In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, a maximal ideal is an ideal that is maximal (with respect to set inclusion) amongst all proper ideals. In other words, I is a maximal ideal of a ring R if there are no other ideals contained between I and R. Maximal ideals are important because the quotients of rings by maximal ideals are simple rings, and in the special case of unital commutative rings they are also fields.
Transcendental extension
In mathematics, a transcendental extension is a field extension such that there exists an element in the field that is transcendental over the field ; that is, an element that is not a root of any univariate polynomial with coefficients in . In other words, a transcendental extension is a field extension that is not algebraic. For example, are both transcendental extensions of A transcendence basis of a field extension (or a transcendence basis of over ) is a maximal algebraically independent subset of over Transcendence bases share many properties with bases of vector spaces.
Finitely generated algebra
In mathematics, a finitely generated algebra (also called an algebra of finite type) is a commutative associative algebra A over a field K where there exists a finite set of elements a1,...,an of A such that every element of A can be expressed as a polynomial in a1,...,an, with coefficients in K. Equivalently, there exist elements s.t. the evaluation homomorphism at is surjective; thus, by applying the first isomorphism theorem, . Conversely, for any ideal is a -algebra of finite type, indeed any element of is a polynomial in the cosets with coefficients in .
Zariski's lemma
In algebra, Zariski's lemma, proved by , states that, if a field K is finitely generated as an associative algebra over another field k, then K is a finite field extension of k (that is, it is also finitely generated as a vector space). An important application of the lemma is a proof of the weak form of Hilbert's Nullstellensatz: if I is a proper ideal of (k algebraically closed field), then I has a zero; i.e., there is a point x in such that for all f in I. (Proof: replacing I by a maximal ideal , we can assume is maximal.