Land development

Land development is the alteration of landscape in any number of ways such as:

Changing landforms from a natural or semi-natural state for a purpose such as agriculture or housing
Subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes
Real estate development or changing its purpose, for example by converting an unused factory complex into a condominium.

Economic aspects In an economic context, land development is also sometimes advertised as land improvement or land amelioration. It refers to investment making land more usable by humans. For accounting purposes it refers to any variety of projects that increase the value of the process . Most are depreciable, but some land improvements are not able to be depreciated because a useful life cannot be determined. Home building and containment are two of the most common and the oldest types of development. In an urban context, land development furthermore includes:

Road construction ** Access roa

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Planning and Land Policy Tools for Limiting Urban Sprawl: The Example of Belgrade

Jean-Claude Bolay, Marija Cvetinovic

Both the characteristics of Serbia’s urban land policy, the delay in reforms and land development management of the Belgrade Metropolitan Area (BMA) illustrate the complexities following the reshaping of institutional framework under the conditions of economic and other uncertainties of societal transition. The negative implications of the prolonged crisis on the new urban development policy and urban land tools can postpone the establishment and application of guidelines for limiting the urban sprawl. This paper presents a brief literature review, as well as the current urban land policy and land-use efficiency in the BMA. Traditional urban land tools will be shortly described, followed by recommendations for limiting sprawl. There is a need for readjusting the current planning and urban policy regarding the urban sprawl, from an urban “command-and-control” approach to a “learn-and-adapt” approach. We suggest the introduction of more innovative and flexible urban land policy tools.

2015

Generation of meteorological scenarios from NCEP reanalyses. Application for the generation of flood scenarios for the Rhone upstream to Lake Leman

Abdelkader Mezghani

Optimal water resources management requires hydrological scenarios for the climate situation under consideration. These scenarios may be produced from meteorological scenarios thanks to an appropriate hydrological model. The Laboratory "Hydrology and Land Improvement" (HYDRAM) developed a combined downscaling model for the multisite stochastic generation of the meteorological variables required for the generation of such scenarios. The model combines a statistical downscaling model and a k-nearest neighbour resampling approach to generate hourly precipitation and temperature series from NCEP reanalyses. It was applied for the upper Rhone catchment. Observed statistics are well reproduced for both meteorological variables. Then it was used for the generation of a suite of flood scenarios at different hydrological stations of the studied catchment. The stochastic generator can also be applied to downscale climate experiments from global and/or regional climate models for future climate conditions.

2007

Human domination of the global water cycle absent from depictions and perceptions

Camille Roland Marie Minaudo

Human water use, climate change and land conversion have created a water crisis for billions of individuals and many ecosystems worldwide. Global water stocks and fluxes are estimated empirically and with computer models, but this information is conveyed to policymakers and researchers through water cycle diagrams. Here we compiled a synthesis of the global water cycle, which we compared with 464 water cycle diagrams from around the world. Although human freshwater appropriation now equals half of global river discharge, only 15% of the water cycle diagrams depicted human interaction with water. Only 2% of the diagrams showed climate change or water pollution-two of the central causes of the global water crisis-which effectively conveys a false sense of water security. A single catchment was depicted in 95% of the diagrams, which precludes the representation of teleconnections such as ocean-land interactions and continental moisture recycling. These inaccuracies correspond with specific dimensions of water mismanagement, which suggest that flaws in water diagrams reflect and reinforce the misunderstanding of global hydrology by policymakers, researchers and the public. Correct depictions of the water cycle will not solve the global water crisis, but reconceiving this symbol is an important step towards equitable water governance, sustainable development and planetary thinking in the Anthropocene.

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP2019

ENV-361: Urban and regional planning and Management

Les étudiants comprennent les problématiques principales du développement territorial. Les outils d'aménagement du territoire (du niveau fédéral au niveau communal) leur sont familiers. Ils connaissent les démarches foncières ainsi que les aspects financiers relatifs à un projet territorial.

ENV-724: Climate economics

The course introduces non economists to the economic analysis of climate change: economic activity and climate change, estimation of climate impacts, optimal mitigation and adaptation, national and international climate policy, instruments for climate policy.

CIVIL-410: Fluvial hydraulics and river training works

Le cours donne aux étudiants des solides connaissances théoriques en hydraulique fluviale, et enseigne les bases de l'ingénierie fluviale dans le but de concilier la protection contre les crues et la protection de l'environnement. Le cours est illustré par des projets concrets.

Urban sprawl

Urban sprawl (also known as suburban sprawl or urban encroachment) is defined as "the spreading of urban developments (such as houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city". Urban spra

Deforestation

Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ra

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The natural environment or natural world encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. The term is most often applied to Earth or some parts