Concept

Beaufort scale

Related publications (41)

Natural slicks on Lake Geneva: From small-scale effects to large-scale formation and distribution

Low wind speeds (< 4 m/s) are ubiquitous in many water bodies, yet the physical processes occurring at the air-water interface in this range are poorly understood. A notable example is smooth patches on the water surface, known as natural slicks, formed wh ...

EPFL2023

Snow Loss Into Leads in Arctic Sea Ice: Minimal in Typical Wintertime Conditions, but High During a Warm and Windy Snowfall Event

Julia Schmale, Marc Schneebeli Zeugin, Markus Frey

The amount of snow on Arctic sea ice impacts the ice mass budget. Wind redistribution of snow into open water in leads is hypothesized to cause significant wintertime snow loss. However, there are no direct measurements of snow loss into Arctic leads. We m ...

2023

CRYOWRF-Model Evaluation and the Effect of Blowing Snow on the Antarctic Surface Mass Balance

Varun Sharma, Michael Lehning, Franziska Gerber

The surface mass balance (SMB) of large polar ice sheets and of snow and ice surfaces in general are incompletely understood because of the complexity of processes involved. One such process, drifting and blowing snow, has only been considered in a very si ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2023

Snow transport in extreme environments: from small to large scale modeling

Daniela Brito Melo

The cold regions on Earth, such as the polar and high mountain regions, are snow covered for at least a part of the year. These snow-covered surfaces are highly dynamic, particularly under the influence of strong winds. The aeolian or wind-driven transport ...

EPFL2023

Constraining Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes during Drifting and Blowing Snow Events in Antarctica using in–situ Measurements and Large–Eddy Simulations

Varun Sharma, Michael Lehning, Wolf Hendrik Huwald, Jérôme François Sylvain Dujardin, Franziska Gerber, Daniela Brito Melo, Francesco Comola, Armin Sigmund

Reliable predictions of sea level rise require a quantitative understanding of the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. Water vapor exchange between snow and the atmospheric boundary layer may be an important term in the mass balance equation but curre ...

2023

The Effect of Wind on the Surface Snow Microstructure – Experimental Insights

Sonja Wahl, Benjamin Andreas Walter

Snow precipitation frequently occurs under moderate to strong wind conditions, resulting in drifting and blowing snow. Processes like particle fragmentation and airborne metamorphism during snow transport result in microstructural modifications of the ulti ...

2023

Modeling Snow Saltation: The Effect of Grain Size and Interparticle Cohesion

Varun Sharma, Michael Lehning, Daniela Brito Melo, Francesco Comola, Armin Sigmund

The surface of the Earth is snow-covered at least seasonally over large areas. This snow surface is highly dynamic, particularly under the influence of strong winds. The motion of snow particles driven by the wind not only changes the snow cover but has im ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2022

Flushing the Lake Littoral Region: The Interaction of Differential Cooling and Mild Winds

Damien Bouffard, Hugo Nicolás Ulloa Sánchez, Tomy Doda, Cintia Luz Ramon Casanas

The interaction of a uniform cooling rate at the lake surface with sloping bathymetry efficiently drives cross-shore water exchanges between the shallow littoral and deep interior regions. The faster cooling rate of the shallows results in the formation of ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2022

The effect of natural surfactants on air-water momentum exchange under light wind conditions in Lake Geneva

David Andrew Barry, Ulrich Lemmin, Mehrshad Foroughan

Randomly distributed patches of smooth or rough/rippled surfaces are readily observed on most water bodies. Smooth surface patches are called natural slicks and typically form under low wind conditions (< 6 m s-1) when biogenic surfactants in the surface m ...

2022

Wind-tunnel experimental studies of the spatial snow distribution over grass and bush surfaces

Guang Li

The snow is one of the most important water resources in grassland in northern and western China, while the wind blowing snow due to the strong wind there is a common phenomenon, which can lead to heavy disasters to harm the local animal husbandry and tran ...

SPRINGER2022

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