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Concept
Satya
Summary
Satya (Sanskrit: सत्य; IAST: Satya) is a Sanskrit word loosely translated as truth, essence. It also refers to a virtue in Indian religions, referring to being truthful in one's thoughts, speech and action. In Yoga, satya is one of five yamas, the virtuous restraint from falsehood and distortion of reality in one's expressions and actions.
Sattva and Sacca
In the Vedas and later sutras, the meaning of the word satya () evolves into an ethical concept about truthfulness and is considered an important virtue. It means being true and consistent with reality in one's thought, speech, and action.
Satya is said to have cognates in a number of diverse Indo-European languages, including the word "sooth" and "sin" in English, "istina" ("истина") in Russian, "sand" - truthful in Danish/"sann" in Swedish, and "haithya" in Avestan, the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism.
Sat (सत्) is the root of many Sanskrit words and concepts such as sattva, "pure, truthful", and satya, "truth". The Sanskrit root sat has several meanings or translations:.
"Absolute truth"
"Reality
"Brahman" (not to be confused with Brahmin)
"unchangeable"
"that which has no distortion"
"that which is beyond distinctions of time, space, and person"
"that which pervades the universe in all its constancy"
Sat is a common prefix in ancient Indian literature and variously implies that which is good, true, genuine, virtuous, being, happening, real, existing, enduring, lasting, or essential; for example, sat-sastra means true doctrine, sat-van means one devoted to the truth. In ancient texts, fusion words based on Sat, refer to "Universal Spirit, Universal Principle, Being, Soul of the World, Brahman".
The negation of sat is asat, a combination word of a and sat. Asat refers to the opposite of sat, that is delusion, distorted, untrue, the fleeting impression that is incorrect, invalid, and false.
The concepts of sat and asat are famously expressed in the Pavamana Mantra found in the (1.3.
Official source
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