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Concept
Mass media in Syria
Summary
The mass media in Syria consists primarily of television, radio, Internet, film and print. The national language of Syria is Arabic but some publications and broadcasts are also available in English and French. While television is the most popular medium in Syria, the Internet has become a widely utilized vehicle to disseminate content. Transcending all available media, the government seeks to control what Syrians see by restricting coverage from outside sources. Publications and broadcasts are monitored by members of the government. All mass media outlets are under the supervision of the Ministry of Information. Third article of the 2013 Information Ministry guidelines stipulate that purpose of all media outlets is "to enlighten public opinion" in line with the ideological doctrines "of the Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party and the policy of the state".
Following Ba'ath party's capture of power in 1963, the state immediately banned all news outlets except which advanced party propaganda. Syrians have had no exposure to free media or independent press since then, with there being no space for independent journalism, newspapers, publications, journalists or websites un-affiliated with party organizations. The situation has only worsened since 1970, with the Ba'athist dictatorship imposing additional censorship policies that furthered its totalitarian control of the society. State propaganda machine is primarily used to monopolise information access and indoctrinate the Syrian population in Ba'athist ideology.
Syria is one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists and is ranked 175th (6th worst) in World Press Freedom Index. There were 28 journalists killed in combat in 2012. Between 2011 and 2020, more than 700 civilian journalists have been executed in Syria and 78% of them are estimated to have been to death by Ba'athist forces. More than 400 journalists were arrested or kidnapped in the course of the Syrian civil war.
Official source
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