Public transport bus service

Summary

Public transport bus services are generally based on regular operation of transit buses along a route calling at agreed bus stops according to a published public transport timetable. History of buses Origins Stagecoach While there are indications of experiments with public transport in Paris as early as 1662, there is evidence of a scheduled "bus route" from Market Street in Manchester to Pendleton in Salford UK, started by John Greenwood in 1824. Another claim for the first public transport system for general use originated in Nantes, France, in 1826. Stanislas Baudry, a retired army officer who had built public baths using the surplus heat from his flour mill on the city's edge, set up a short route between the center of town and his baths. The service started on the Place du Commerce, outside the hat shop of a M. Omnès, who displayed the motto Omnès Omnibus (Latin for "everything for everybody" or "all for all") on his shopfront. When Baudry discovered t

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In this paper, we investigate an area-based pricing scheme for congested multimodal urban networks with the consideration of user heterogeneity. We propose a time-dependent pricing scheme where the tolls are iteratively adjusted through a Proportional-Integral type feedback controller, based on the level of vehicular traffic congestion and traveler's behavioral adaptation to the cost of pricing. The level of congestion is described at the network level by a Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram, which has been recently applied to develop network-level traffic management strategies. Within this dynamic congestion pricing scheme, we differentiate two groups of users with respect to their value-of-time (which related to income levels). We then integrate incentives, such as improving public transport services or return part of the toll to some users, to motivate mode shift and increase the efficiency of pricing and to attain equitable savings for all users. A case study of a medium size network is carried out using an agent-based simulator. The developed pricing scheme demonstrates high efficiency in congestion reduction. Comparing to pricing schemes that utilize similar control mechanisms in literature which do not treat the adaptivity of users, the proposed pricing scheme shows higher flexibility in toll adjustment and a smooth behavioral stabilization in long-term operation. Significant differences in behavioral responses are found between the two user groups, highlighting the importance of equity treatment in the design of congestion pricing schemes. By integrating incentive programs for public transport using the collected toll revenue, more efficient pricing strategies can be developed where savings in travel time outweigh the cost of pricing, achieving substantial welfare gain. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2016

Qualité de desserte et patterns spatio-temporels : accompagner le renouvellement des politiques publiques de déplacement par une adaptation plus fine de l'offre à la demande

Alexis Gumy, Marc-Edouard Baptiste Grégoire Schultheiss

In a society where car use is still predominant, resistance to modal shift questions traditional planning approaches. While lifestyles are diversifying, public transit timetables are still mainly based on commuting. This paper proposes a new, interdisciplinary analysis of transport supply and demand. Firstly, an approach based on the rhythms of life highlights the discrepancies between public transport supply and travel demand for certain rhythm profiles, both spatially and temporally. Secondly, a new methodology is proposed to evaluate and renew the indicator of level-of-service, a tool at the origin of many travel policies. Close colla- boration with local administrations has made it possible to integrate specific transport policy and planning expectations.

2020

Hybrid Model Predictive Control of Bus Transport Systems

Nikolaos Geroliminis, Isik Ilber Sirmatel

Schedule instability adversely affects the performance of bus transport systems. Bus bunching and similar irregularities decrease quality of bus services and increase travel times. In this regard, bus system management schemes are of high importance. Motivated by the potential impact of developing advanced bus control schemes on transportation practice, in this paper a hybrid model predictive control scheme with actuation via bus speeds is developed, which can regularize headways and improve bus service quality. The controller extends upon earlier work by considering detailed dynamics of the interactions between buses and stops via passenger flows. Performance of the controller is compared with a no control case and a PI controller via simulation experiments, conducted with a recently proposed mixed logical dynamical bus loop model involving both continuous (e.g., bus positions) and binary (e.g., the state of a bus regarding whether it is holding at a certain stop or not) states. Results showcase the capability of the proposed controller in regularizing headways, avoiding bus bunching and decreasing passenger travel times.

IEEE2018