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Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is one of the most common oncogenic alterations in glioblastoma (45%) making it a prime target for therapy. However, small molecule inhibitors of the EGFR tyrosine kinase showed disappointin ...
Since several decades, the physicians are able to access hollow organs with endoscopic methods, which serve both as diagnostic and surgical means in a wide range of disciplines of the modern medicine (e.g. urology, pneumology, gastroenterology). Unfortunat ...
By definition, tumours are heterogeneous. They are defined by marked differences in cells, microenvironmental factors (oxygenation levels, pH, VEGF, VPF and TGF-α) metabolism, vasculature, structure and function that in turn translate into heterogeneous dr ...
Chronically activated leukocytes recruited to premalignant tissues functionally contribute to cancer development; however, mechanisms underlying pro- versus anti-tumor programming of neoplastic tissues by immune cells remain obscure. Using the K14-HPV16 mo ...
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are major components of the outer surface of mammalian cells. Their carbohydrate moieties, which are directed into the outer environment, serve as ligands for receptor proteins, such as lectins, pathogen proteins and antibodie ...
One of the most important steps in tumor progression involves the transformation from a differentiated epithelial phenotype to an aggressive, highly motile phenotype, where tumor cells invade neighboring tissues. Invasion can occur either by isolated mesen ...
Stromal fibroblast senescence has been linked to ageing-associated cancer risk. However, density and proliferation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are frequently increased. Loss or downmodulation of the Notch effector CSL (also known as RBP-Jκ) in ...
Despite the experience gained over several decades in various types of light-based medical treatments, the optimization of the corresponding therapeutic protocols and accurate forecasting of their outcome have not yet been achieved in many cases. The diffi ...
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) support tumorigenesis by stimulating angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, and invasion. We demonstrate that CAFs also mediate tumor-enhancing inflammation. Using a mouse model of squamous skin carcinogenesis, we fou ...
The interaction between the host and the pathogen is extremely complex and is affected by anatomical, physiological, and immunological diversity in the microenvironments, leading to phenotypic diversity of the pathogen. Phenotypic heterogeneity, defined as ...